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Research & publication

What we research and publish

Four research streams that together form a comprehensive picture of financial knowledge and behaviour in Spain.

Quarterly Financial Literacy Reports

Cover of Fundalario quarterly financial literacy report
Q1 2026 Published March 2026

Financial Literacy Index — First Quarter 2026

This edition focuses on understanding how the Spanish population navigates concepts related to inflation, purchasing power, and the real value of savings. The report includes breakdowns by autonomous community, age cohort (18-34, 35-54, 55+), and employment category. A new section this quarter examines awareness of inflation-indexed savings instruments among respondents under 40.

Financial researcher working with data at a modern workspace
Q4 2024 Published December 2024

Financial Literacy Index — Fourth Quarter 2024

The year-end report examines annual trends across all four 2024 quarters, including a longitudinal comparison with 2023 data. Key themes include debt literacy, consumer credit awareness, and the relationship between digital banking adoption and financial knowledge scores. The annexe includes the full indicator methodology review conducted at year-end.

Population Surveys

Our surveys are designed to measure actual financial knowledge, not just attitudes or self-reported confidence. Each questionnaire contains knowledge-testing questions alongside behavioural questions. This combination allows us to identify the gap between what people think they know and what they demonstrably understand.

Basic financial concepts

Questions covering interest rates, inflation, compound returns, and risk diversification — the foundational concepts measured in international financial literacy studies.

Saving behaviour

How households allocate surplus income, whether they maintain emergency reserves, their awareness of different savings products available in Spain.

Debt and credit literacy

Understanding of mortgage terms, consumer credit costs, revolving credit mechanics, and the long-term implications of minimum payment strategies.

Planning and protection

Pension awareness, insurance understanding, and the degree to which respondents have considered their long-term financial position.

Family Savings Indicators

What the savings indicators track

The family savings indicators are a set of composite measures derived from our quarterly survey data. They are designed to reflect household financial resilience rather than just savings balances. A household that saves consistently but carries high-interest consumer debt may appear financially healthy by one measure while being financially vulnerable by another.

We track emergency fund coverage (months of expenses covered by liquid savings), pension contribution awareness, the ratio of saving to disposable income, and the prevalence of defined financial goals among respondents.

Visual chart showing family savings indicators across Spanish households

Consumption Habit Analysis

Researchers analysing consumer spending patterns and habits data

Spending pattern mapping

We analyse how Spanish households allocate spending across categories, identifying patterns that correlate with higher or lower financial literacy scores. This stream does not judge consumption choices — it maps them as behavioural indicators.

Financial education workshop with engaged adult participants

Digital consumption and fintech awareness

A growing component of our consumption analysis examines how digital financial tools are being adopted across different age groups and how that adoption relates to broader financial literacy scores.